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Historical events & facts — October 13
What happened on October 13?
On October 13, 1917, in Fátima (Portugal), thousands of people gathered around three shepherds claimed to witness the Miracle of the Sun: the star appeared to spin, change colour and plunge toward Earth. The phenomenon, witnessed by a crowd that included sceptics and journalists, was the climax of that year's Marian apparitions and gave Fátima its status as a global shrine.
In the early hours of Friday October 13, 1307, King Philip IV of France ordered the simultaneous arrest of hundreds of members of the Knights Templar throughout the kingdom. The Templars were accused of heresy and sodomy. Many died under torture; their Grand Master, Jacques de Molay, was burned at the stake in 1314. This Friday the 13th is the possible origin of the superstition.
On October 13, 2010, the 33 Chilean miners trapped for 69 days at 700 metres underground in the San José mine were rescued one by one using a metal capsule called Fénix. The operation, watched live by more than one billion people worldwide, was one of the most complex and widely followed rescues in history.
Notable birthdays — October 13
Famous people born on October 13
Karl Leichter
Karl Leichter was an Estonian musicologist. In 1929 he graduated in theory and composition, studying under Heino Eller with pupils such as Eduard Tubin, Alfred Karindi, Eduard Oja and Olav Roots. Between 1929 and 1931 he worked in the Estonian Folklore Archives.
Gilberto Mendes
Gilberto Mendes was a 20th-century Brazilian avant-garde composer, and one of the pioneering fathers of the company New Consonant Music.
Gustav Winckler
Gustav Frands Wilzeck Winckler was a popular Danish singer, composer and music publisher. He grew up in the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen and started his career as a decorator.
Walasse Ting
Walasse Ting was a Chinese-American visual artist and poet. His colorful paintings have attracted critical admiration and a popular following. Common subjects include nude women and cats, birds and other animals.
Pharoah Sanders
Pharoah Sanders was an American jazz saxophonist. Known for his overblowing, harmonic, and multiphonic techniques on the saxophone, as well as his use of "sheets of sound", Sanders played a prominent role in the development of free jazz and spiritual jazz through his work as a member of John Coltrane's groups in the mid-1960s, and later through his solo work.
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