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On February 10, 1996, IBM's supercomputer Deep Blue defeated world chess champion Garry Kasparov in the first game of a historic match, though Kasparov won the overall series. A year later, in the 1997 rematch, Deep Blue won the full match — the first time a machine had defeated the world's best chess player under competition conditions.

On February 10, 1967, the 25th Amendment to the US Constitution came into force, establishing procedures for presidential succession in cases of presidential incapacity. The amendment, driven by the traumatic assassination of Kennedy, also created the position of interim vice president in case of a vacancy in that position. It has been invoked several times in crisis situations.

On February 10, 1258, the Mongol hordes of Il-Khan Hulagu sacked and destroyed Baghdad, capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, killing between 200,000 and 800,000 people. The Library of the House of Wisdom was destroyed and its books thrown into the Tigris, which according to legend turned black with ink. It was the end of the Abbasid caliphate and of medieval Islamic intellectual splendour.