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On July 3, 1863, Confederate General Robert E. Lee ordered Pickett's Charge, a frontal assault of 12,500 soldiers against the centre of the Union line at Gettysburg. The charge was a disaster: more than half the attackers fell within minutes. The defeat marked the end of the Confederate offensive in the North and the turning point of the American Civil War.

On July 3, 1944, the Red Army liberated Minsk, capital of Belarus, after three years of brutal Nazi occupation. The city had been almost completely destroyed, with more than 80% of its buildings in ruins. The liberation of Minsk was part of Operation Bagration, the largest Soviet offensive of World War II. July 3 is Independence Day in Belarus.

On July 3, 1988, US Navy cruiser USS Vincennes accidentally shot down Iran Air Flight 655 over the Strait of Hormuz, killing all 290 passengers and crew on board. The Vincennes mistook the civilian Airbus for an Iranian fighter jet. The incident further strained relations between the United States and Iran during the Iran-Iraq War.