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On December 7, 1941, the Imperial Japanese Navy launched a surprise attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, destroying eight battleships and killing 2,403 servicemen. The following day, President Roosevelt declared war on Japan, describing the day of the attack as "a date which will live in infamy". The US entered World War II.

On December 7, 1972, the Apollo 17 astronauts took the famous photograph known as "The Blue Marble", the first photograph in which the Earth appears fully illuminated. Taken from 45,000 kilometres away, it became one of the most reproduced images in history and a symbol of the environmentalist movement emerging at that time.

On December 7, 1988, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake devastated the Spitak region of Soviet Armenia, killing between 25,000 and 50,000 people. The disaster struck while President Gorbachev was visiting New York, and his handling of the crisis was a turning point in the perception of Soviet transparency. Armenia marks December 7 as a national day of mourning.