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On December 14, 1911, Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen and his team became the first human beings to reach the South Pole, beating Briton Robert Falcon Scott by 33 days. Amundsen used sled dogs, while Scott relied on ponies and physical effort. Scott and his four companions died on the return journey.

On December 14, 1900, German physicist Max Planck presented before the German Physical Society the hypothesis of the energy quantum, establishing that energy is not emitted continuously but in discrete packets called quanta. This discovery, which Planck initially considered a mathematical trick, was the starting point of quantum mechanics and modern physics.

On December 14, 1799, General George Washington, first President of the United States and one of the founding fathers of the nation, died at Mount Vernon. Washington had refused the proposal to become king and voluntarily relinquished power at the end of his two terms, establishing the precedent of democratic alternation that would define the country for more than two centuries.