April 13 belongs to Clàudia Isern

On April 13, 1743, Thomas Jefferson was born in Shadwell, Virginia — third US President and principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776). Jefferson, who also founded the University of Virginia and completed the Louisiana Purchase (1803), is considered one of the most influential Founding Fathers, despite the contradictions between his ideals of liberty and his status as a slaveholder.

On April 13, 1919, British soldiers under General Reginald Dyer opened fire on an unarmed crowd gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh garden in Amritsar, Punjab, killing between 379 and 1,000 people and wounding more than 1,200. The Amritsar Massacre was a turning point in the Indian independence movement and transformed Gandhi into the leader of the Non-Cooperation Movement.

On April 13, 1598, King Henry IV of France promulgated the Edict of Nantes, granting freedom of worship to French Huguenots (Protestants), ending the Wars of Religion that had devastated France for 36 years. The edict, considered a milestone of modern religious tolerance, was revoked by Louis XIV in 1685, causing the exodus of 200,000 Protestants from France.