April 13 belongs to Clàudia Isern
Historical events & facts — April 13
What happened on April 13?
On April 13, 1743, Thomas Jefferson was born in Shadwell, Virginia — third US President and principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776). Jefferson, who also founded the University of Virginia and completed the Louisiana Purchase (1803), is considered one of the most influential Founding Fathers, despite the contradictions between his ideals of liberty and his status as a slaveholder.
On April 13, 1919, British soldiers under General Reginald Dyer opened fire on an unarmed crowd gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh garden in Amritsar, Punjab, killing between 379 and 1,000 people and wounding more than 1,200. The Amritsar Massacre was a turning point in the Indian independence movement and transformed Gandhi into the leader of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
On April 13, 1598, King Henry IV of France promulgated the Edict of Nantes, granting freedom of worship to French Huguenots (Protestants), ending the Wars of Religion that had devastated France for 36 years. The edict, considered a milestone of modern religious tolerance, was revoked by Louis XIV in 1685, causing the exodus of 200,000 Protestants from France.
Notable birthdays — April 13
Famous people born on April 13
Joseph Lightfoot
Joseph Barber Lightfoot, known as J. B. Lightfoot, was an English Anglican theologian and Bishop of Durham.
György Lukács
György Lukács was a Hungarian Marxist philosopher, literary historian, literary critic, and aesthetician. He was one of the founders of Western Marxism, an interpretive tradition that departed from the Soviet Marxist ideological orthodoxy. He developed the theory of reification, and contributed to Marxist theory with developments of Karl Marx's theory of class consciousness.
Robert Watson-Watt
Sir Robert Alexander Watson-Watt was a Scottish radio engineer and pioneer of radio direction finding and radar technology.
Jean-Louis Lévesque
Jean-Louis Lévesque, was a Canadian entrepreneur, thoroughbred racehorse owner, and philanthropist.
Madalyn Murray O'Hair
Madalyn Murray O'Hair was an American activist who supported atheism, separation of church and state, and feminism. In 1963, she founded American Atheists and served as its president until 1986, after which her son Jon Garth Murray succeeded her. She created the first issues of American Atheist Magazine and identified as a militant feminist.
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