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On March 21, 1685, composer Johann Sebastian Bach was born in Eisenach, Germany — considered one of the greatest geniuses of Western music. His works — the Goldberg Variations, the Brandenburg Concertos, the Mass in B minor, The Well-Tempered Clavier — are considered the culmination of musical Baroque and remain a reference for musicians and composers of all genres.

On March 21, 1960, South African police opened fire on a crowd of Black protesters demonstrating against pass laws in Sharpeville, killing 69 people and wounding 180. The Sharpeville Massacre shocked the world and triggered the first international sanctions against apartheid. March 21 is now the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.

On March 21, 1990, Namibia gained independence from South Africa, becoming the last colony on the African continent to achieve independence. The country, formerly known as South West Africa, had been illegally administered by South Africa despite a UN resolution. The first president was Sam Nujoma, leader of the SWAPO liberation movement, who governed until 2005.