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Historical events & facts — March 18
What happened on March 18?
On March 18, 1938, Mexican President Lázaro Cárdenas signed the oil expropriation decree, nationalising the oil industry held by American and British companies. The measure, which triggered a diplomatic crisis, created the state company Pemex and was one of the most significant acts of economic sovereignty in twentieth-century Latin American history. March 18 is celebrated in Mexico as Expropriation Day.
On March 18, 1871, the Paris Commune began — the first experiment in workers' government in modern history — when the city's national guardsmen rebelled against the Versailles government. The Commune, which lasted 72 days, established radical measures such as separation of Church and State and factory self-management. It was crushed in the "Bloody Week" with thousands of deaths.
On March 18, 1965, Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov performed the first spacewalk in history, leaving the Voskhod 2 capsule for 12 minutes in outer space. On returning, his suit had inflated so much that it would not fit through the hatch and he had to release pressure in an emergency, risking his life. Two months later, American Ed White performed the first American spacewalk.
Notable birthdays — March 18
Famous people born on March 18
Clem Hill
Clement Hill was an Australian cricketer who played 49 Test matches as a specialist batsman between 1896 and 1912. He captained the Australian team in ten Tests, winning five and losing five. A prolific run scorer, Hill scored 3,412 runs in Test cricket—a world record at the time of his retirement—at an average of 39.21 per innings, including seven centuries.
Fred Shuttlesworth
Freddie Lee Shuttlesworth was an American Baptist minister and civil rights activist who led fights against segregation and other forms of racism, during the civil rights movement. He often worked with Martin Luther King Jr., although they did not always agree on tactics and approaches.
Bill Frisell
William Richard Frisell is an American jazz guitarist. He first came to prominence at ECM Records in the 1980s, as both a session player and a leader. He went on to work in a variety of contexts, notably as a participant in the Downtown Scene in New York City, where he formed a long working relationship with composer and saxophonist John Zorn.
James McMurtry
James McMurtry is an American rock and folk rock/Americana singer, songwriter, guitarist, bandleader, and occasional actor. He performs with veteran bandmates Daren Hess, Cornbread and Tim Holt.
Courtney Pine
Courtney Pine, is a British jazz musician, who was the principal founder of the black British band the Jazz Warriors in the 1980s. Although known primarily for his saxophone playing, Pine is a multi-instrumentalist, also playing the flute, clarinet, bass clarinet, and keyboards.
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