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March 17 is St Patrick's Day — the feast of the patron saint of Ireland, who according to tradition died on this date around the year 461. St Patrick, born in Roman Britain, was captured as a slave by Irish pirates and, after escaping, returned to Ireland as a Christian missionary. The celebration, exported by the Irish diaspora to the English-speaking world, is today one of the most widely observed cultural festivities on Earth.

On March 17, 1861, the Parliament of Turin proclaimed the Kingdom of Italy and named Victor Emmanuel II the first king of the new unified nation. The Italian unification process, known as the Risorgimento, was led by Prime Minister Camillo di Cavour and General Giuseppe Garibaldi. Rome did not join the kingdom until 1870, with the conquest of the Papal States.

On March 17, 1992, white South African citizens voted in a referendum in favour of ending apartheid and negotiating a new constitution. The "yes" vote won with 68.7%. The referendum, called by President F. W. De Klerk, opened the way to the first multiracial elections in South African history, held on April 27, 1994, in which Mandela won the presidency.