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On January 28, 1986, just 73 seconds after launch, the space shuttle Challenger exploded before television cameras, killing all seven crew members, including schoolteacher Christa McAuliffe, the first civilian to fly in space. The accident, caused by a faulty O-ring seal, triggered a crisis for NASA and grounded the shuttle programme for two years.

On January 28, 814, Emperor Charlemagne died in Aachen, having unified most of western Europe under his authority and established the Holy Roman Empire. His reign was the period of greatest political stability in Europe since the fall of Rome and laid the cultural and administrative foundations of medieval European civilisation.

On January 28, 1547, King Henry VIII of England died in London, having broken with the Catholic Church to divorce his first wife, thereby founding the Church of England. Henry had six wives: two of them were executed. His reign transformed the religion, politics and structure of the English state, laying the foundations of modern England.