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On May 30, 1431, Joan of Arc — the 19-year-old French peasant who claimed to hear divine voices and had led French armies against the English — was burned alive at the stake in Rouen, accused of witchcraft and heresy by an ecclesiastical tribunal controlled by the English. She was canonised in 1920. Joan of Arc is the patron saint of France and one of the most fascinating figures in medieval history.

On May 30, 1593, English playwright Christopher Marlowe was killed in a tavern in Deptford, possibly as the result of a dispute over the bill, though some historians believe it was a political murder. Marlowe, who rivalled Shakespeare and had decisively influenced him, was only 29 years old. His premature death was an immense loss for Elizabethan theatre and English literature.

On May 30, 1967, Nigerian colonel Odumegwu Ojukwu proclaimed the Republic of Biafra, breaking away from Nigeria in the name of the Igbo people. The civil war that followed, with the federal blockade of the region and a terrible famine, caused between 1 and 3 million deaths and was the first conflict broadcast live on television to the Western world, raising global awareness of famine as a weapon of war.