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On February 27, 1933, the Reichstag, seat of the German parliament, was set on fire in Berlin. The fire, attributed to Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe, was exploited by Hitler to declare a state of emergency and suspend civil liberties with the Reichstag Fire Decree. It was never clarified whether it was a solitary act or a Nazi provocation. It was the beginning of the Third Reich.

On February 27, 1844, the Dominican Republic proclaimed its independence from Haiti, which had controlled it for 22 years. Led by Juan Pablo Duarte's La Trinitaria, the independence movement established the country's first republic. Dominican independence is celebrated on February 27 as a national holiday. Duarte, Sánchez and Mella are the Dominican Founding Fathers.

On February 27, 1900, the British Labour Party was founded in London as the result of a conference of trade unions and socialist organisations. Created to represent the working class in Parliament, the Labour Party would govern the country on repeated occasions during the twentieth century, driving the Welfare State and the National Health Service (NHS) under Clement Attlee in 1945.