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On October 3, 1990, the German Democratic Republic was dissolved and its five federal states joined the Federal Republic, completing the reunification of Germany forty-five years after the end of World War II. It was the end of the division imposed by the Cold War and the greatest event in European history since 1945.

On October 3, 1952, the United Kingdom detonated its first atomic bomb at the Monte Bello Islands off the coast of Australia, becoming the third nuclear power in the world after the US and the USSR. The test, codenamed Operation Hurricane, was carried out aboard a sunken ship and cemented Britain as a permanent member of the "nuclear club".

On October 3, 1932, Iraq became the first Arab state to gain full independence and be admitted to the League of Nations, ending the British mandate established after World War I. The country, with its vast oil reserves and complex mix of Arab, Kurdish and Turkmen communities, would be one of the most turbulent territories of the twentieth century.